Aim: New technology has already changed our interpretation of Persian house. Theory of integration in the high-performance architecture theory shows that the different elements of Iranian house enjoy unity, despite their differences. The research aims to study the most important elements of Persian house based on Islamic-Iranian life style based on a holistic approach. Methods: The purposive sampling method is developed among the case from the central parts of Iran such as Isfahan, Kashan, Yazd and Ardakan; in order to calculate the area, the module and the period of building the house. Research tool was scientific documentation and survey. The data analysis is based on descriptive-analytical understanding of mathematical space syntax. Findings: Comparison of the principles considered in the selected samples by the syntactic tools of space, showed that these principles always exist in the spatial structure of Iranian housing. Furthermore, the results of the research emphasize on the highperformance architecture theory principles such as: 1-hierarchy, 2-privacy, 3-transparency and 4-centralization. Conclusion: The spatial structure of Persian house and Iranian housing is a manifestation of the theory of integration, which is arranges around a central courtyard. The essence of Persian house is depending on the climate as an influential factor, shows different appearance. The Persian house is a technologic-climatic interpretation of Iranian-Islamic lifestyle.

Problem statement: Although the application of Shape-based methods in the generative design systems has been studied as a means for describing or analyzing a style, regional architecture, or a specific design in numerous works of literature, the complexity and multiplicity of the structural Grammars, as well as the lack of flexibility in the system for evaluation and optimization of new models has somewhat dwindled the applicability of these approaches. However, in addition to investigating and extracting the Shape Grammar of a traditional structure, the potential of generating novel designs based upon the Shape rules indicates the necessity of further examination of the Shape-based approaches. Research objectives: Addressing the issue, this study proposes a hybrid generative evolutionary approach. The use of generative evolutionary methods can provide fresh insight into the process of analyzing traditional structures and designing new ones based on these structures. Research method: The methodology is based upon library studies with the analyticaldescriptive approach to examine the related literature review. Furthermore, with the consideration of Kashan’ s traditional houses as a case study, it applies the combination of Shape Grammar method for analyzing configuration characteristics and physical-spatial relationships in historic houses, with genetic algorithm for optimizing the new generated forms. Conclusion: The results of the study indicate the effectiveness of generative evolutionary methods in improving and accelerating the process of analyzing the characteristics of traditional structures as well as producing a variety of new designs that can preserve the spatial essence of traditional structures.

Problem statement: Typology provides a simple and diagrammatic description of a group of phenomena and establishes a degree of connection or affinity between those phenomena. Many studies have addressed the typology of spaces of historical houses, but most of these studies have focused on one or more limited spaces, which reveal the absence of structural connection between different spaces and the lack of a specific method or framework that can be used to typify all spaces and explain the structural connection between them.Research objective: This study aims to establish a connection between different spaces in introverted historical houses located in the Central Iranian Plateau Iran and identify the formal-structural connection between the findings from previous studies on the typology of spaces of historical houses in Iranian architecture.Research method: Using the Shape Grammar, the present study performed a typological analysis of micro-spaces of 64 historical houses from Kashan, Yazd, and Isfahan. This study also developed the initial typology of micro-spaces and established a coherent system of relationships between formal typologies in the historical houses located in these three cities.Conclusion: Based on the findings from this study, a two-stage Grammar was first developed for generating the formal structure and then establishing spatial relationships between components of the houses. With the help of this Grammar, a triple structure was developed using a range of formal structures and spatial relationships identified in the studied samples. The developed typology can account for the structural relationships between different forms. In addition, it can pinpoint the differences between different typologies in other cities. Accordingly, the typological model developed in this study establishes a structural-form relationship between different spaces in introverted historical houses located in the Central Iranian Plateau.

Sedan Passenger-cars are known today as one of the most popular industrial products. Since the advent of the first samples by Henry Ford and Karl Benz ever, classification and recognition of passenger-cars have been based on the set of technical standards or experimental criteria and have not been from the point of view of designers and stylists who focus on content of form and visual aesthetic criteria. In this study, the typology of the style of existing sedan cars in the global market has been discussed. For this purpose, the face of 40 sedan car samples belong to the years 2013-2014 from thirty two automakers have been analyzed based on the aesthetic style and form features factors. Results show that there are three main trends and two sub-trends in terms of content and form. These trends have been named based on form factors frequency of design approach in each trend. Leaders frequency graphs in any trends have illustrated Leaders scattering, countries frequency in any trends and the form and style of this type. Finally, based on the above findings, the style design of the pristine spaces in the sedan type has been identified. Output data were analyzed statistically and while demonstrating power of commercial brand of each product on the basis of product personality, the results showed an agreement between customers' idea and statistics of global sale and manifest the present trend of Iranian customers through studying psychological mechanism and customers' reaction to the concepts and keywords then through creating imaginary equivalence of those words and personality in their products' style try to create powerful identity in the appearance of their product as one of the basic factors of attracting customers' attention. The results demonstrate an agreement between global position of the studied cars and Iranian customers' perspective and also success of Kansei engineering in order to evaluate behavioral and emotional reaction of customers toward style personality of car. Classic tendency has the most prosperity among Iranian youth and Modern and sport tendency are respectively in the next class but we cannot generalize this result to all of the present car in the above mentioned tendency and this is dedicated to the superior cars in these kinds of sedan. Reviewing tendency pattern of product personality of Ford, Volkswagen, Mazda and et al show pattern similarity of Ford, Volkswagen and with a lesser extent in Mercedes that is according to the result of factorial analysis of cars in the test. as M2index shows, Samand has the lowest similarity with other cars. In this research, only from the view point of emotional reaction of customer we consider style and specially product personality of cars. These studies are just a start point for recognizing Iranian customers' taste and in the future studies on the purpose of recognizing complete quality of Sedan through reviewing all existed cars of this kind and also all tendencies and other age group, we can recognize special personality of each tendency that are not considered in this research.

Statements of problem: Given the rapid changes in architecture, promoting the quality of life cannot necessarily respond to human needs. Residents of modern buildings are often dissatisfied with their living spaces; despite the development of facilities, modern buildings are not more beautiful and human-oriented than the past buildings. Architecture has been almost declined to a shelter or a demonstration of individual styles and moved away from its true status. This article tries to find out why residents of modern buildings are usually dissatisfied with their living spaces and why they have lost their natural and emotional reactions to their habitation. This article aims to define a new pattern for a contemporary house using Shape Grammar based on the essence of architecture of Qajar houses.Given the physical and semantic features of Qajar houses in Tehran and Tabriz, this article proposes a model for today’s houses. Hence the following objectives are addressed: • How to explain the new pattern using Shape Grammar• How to create sub-Shapes in Qajar houses in Tabriz and Tehran• Understanding the meaning implied in various Shapes of Qajar houses in Tabriz and Tehran Research method: Based on qualitative methods, this study employs Shape Grammar for data analysis. The Shape Grammar is a manufacturing system leading to a design based on a collection of Shape-rules and operates by this algorithm. An algorithm is a process which has outputs derived from instructions or rules that run on a set of data. These rules are identified through phenomenological interpretation of the Qajar houses using Max Van Manen’s method. In this article, the phenomenological inquiry is based on the experience of living in 4 Qajar houses. Outputs are also newly created patterns.Conclusion: In the process of Shape Grammar, the data of 4 houses is analyzed. Sub-Shapes are derived based on the location of spaces in these houses; the Shape-rules are defined by Van Manen’s phenomenological method. The rules are made through interpretation of in-depth interviews with people who have experienced living in selected houses. Ultimately, “the link with environment, happiness and relaxation” and “separation from everyday life” are main concepts reflected in spaces such as Eyvan (semi-closed space), basement, landscape, Hashti (entrance to each building and spaces) and Shahneshin (a room usually twice as high as other rooms in the house).In fact, these spaces are the rules of Shape Grammar and the algorithmic process results in new patterns in the tree decision.

Undoubtedly the holy Quran is a unique book in Arabic language, eloquently and rhetorically. Its words are a pure collection of Arabic literature. All poets, jurisprudents and philosophers believe it as a master art. It is a permanent treasure of Arabic and for it many sciences have been generated. It kept the Arabic language active and dynamic during ups and downs of the history. It also contains local Arabic accents which it shows the trustiness of its phonetic and structure.In this article is studied an explanation of grammatical meaning, understanding the differences between speech patterns, finding out grammatical meanings in speech patterns, and their differences in briefness, Redundancy, transparency and Ambiguity. If the Grammar gets excluded of its meaning it would make it dead and prosaic.It study Arabic Grammar based on the holy Quran. Thus we are going to study different grammatical patterns which it would lead to different meanings. We believe that although the statements and meanings used in Quran mention a grammatical pattern, it wouldn’t be so in Arabic poems and texts. In Quranit is not going to introduce grammatical patterns, it was the cause and source of establishment of the science of Grammar. So Quran is the base of Grammar. This article focuses on the books such as “Ma’ani alnahv” by Fazel Al-samaraee , “nahv alQuran” by Abd alsattar Javari and “Men vahy alQuran” by Ebrahim samaraee which are written for the Grammar of the Quran.

Problem statement: The social and cultural areas of Iran have undergone extensive changes during the second Pahlavi era. One of the most important influential indicators in these developments is modernism in the intellectual society system. The formation of a new middle-class in the second Pahlavi period is a sign of modernism achievements. Even the housing types of this social class also reflect their fundamental changes during this period. The present article intends to model the new middle-class housing of the second Pahlavi and suggests new models for contemporary middleclass housing. Research objective: This research seeks to achieve new middle-class housing rules in the second Pahlavi period by using Grammar and develop a variety of design patterns in the housing of today’ s middle classes. In this regard, Narmak neighborhood from the middle period and Ekbatan town from the last period of the second Pahlavi were selected as a sample community and were evaluated according to the socio-cultural indicators of housing. Research method: The basis of this qualitative research method is interpretive history; at the beginning of this article, during a historiographical study, the effect of social classes on the structure of houses has been studied, and then the physical-spatial dimensions of houses have been discussed by the descriptive-analytical method. The method of data analysis in this research is Shape Grammar. The information required in this research has been collected through field observations, library studies, and documentation. Conclusion: According to the results of the research, the components of the houses of this period have been influenced by modern Western ideas and architecture and have undergone fundamental changes in comparison with the traditional housing of Tehran. The micro-spaces of the dwellings are reduced to a minimum and follow a basic Shape Grammar: arrangement of spaces in these houses is based on the location of a basic element. The basic Shape was considered to be multipurpose spaces (living and dining areas) and then other spaces were added to the basic Shape based on a set of rules. Finally, based on the algorithmic process of Shape Grammar led to the creation of various patterns for the modern housing design.

In this research work a Shape from shading (SFS) technique which incorporates a Lambertian model is implemented for the automatic generation of a digital terrain model (DTM) using a single view aerial image. The developed algorithm is tested on both simulated and real data. The estimated accuracy of the generated DTM from the simulated data, which has a bilinear surface, is about ±3 cm. The real data is a scanned aerial photograph taken over a low texture hilly terrain. The generated DTM by the SFS technique is compared with a DTM acquired by the manual measurement of the stereo image of the same area using a photogram metric plotter. The estimated rimes of the discrepancies between the grid nodes of the measured and the automatically generated DTM is about ±4 meters. The unsuccessful reconstruction of the terrain surface for the real data is due to the fact that a simple Lambertian model does not take into account, in a perfect way, different nondeterministic influential factors such as the terrain alb Edo variations and the random noise. The influence of the latter case was reduced by a low pass filter applied as a preprocessing stage.

The classification of Shape data is a significant challenge in the statistical analysis of Shapes and machine learning. In this paper, we introduce a multinomial logistic regression model based on Shape descriptors for classifying labeled configurations. In this model, the explanatory variables include a set of geometric descriptors such as area, elongation, convexity, and circularity, while the response variable represents the category of each configuration. The inclusion of these descriptors preserves essential geometric information and enhances classification accuracy. We evaluate the proposed model using both simulated data and real datasets, and the results demonstrate its effective performance. Additionally, the proposed method was compared with one of the existing methods in the literature, and the results indicated its superiority in terms of both classification accuracy and computational simplicity.